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来源：购彩2024-05-22 17:48

中国鱼用中国种人均年占有量为世界两倍******

　　中国鱼用中国种人均年占有量为世界两倍【水产养殖加工企业探索创新育种，水产品预制菜市场崛起，深加工成发展趋势】

　　从吃鱼难到年年有余，水产不再是人们逢年过节才有的硬菜，而是餐桌日常。我国人均水产品消费量2021年为14.2千克，比2015年的11.2千克上升26.8%，连续7年呈上升趋势。水产消费从“温饱型”向“品质型”过渡，青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼和鳙鱼四大家鱼养殖热情减退，鲈鱼、鲟鱼等特种水产养殖量呈现较高增长，近五年养殖量增长率分别为78.4%和32.4%。

　　水产养殖加工企业探索创新育种以获得优质种源。受益于我国冷链物流不断完善，水产预制菜市场崛起，成为丰富人们蛋白质需求的重要补充。

　　瞄准育种攻克难题

　　“看今年哪种鱼卖价好，明年接着养”，过去渔民凭经验养殖，可能会造成产品过剩卖不上价。在富煌三珍总经理倪宝友看来，这是传统养殖高度分散的弊端。如今随着科学养殖意识逐渐增强，水产养殖逐渐实现标准化、规模化，也给水产品深加工带来稳定的原料供应。

　　不少企业与农户签订长期合作助推水产养殖标准化、规模化。富煌三珍有1440亩斑点叉尾鮰苗种繁育区，10万亩订单养殖基地。斑点叉尾鮰原产于北美洲，因抗病力强、骨刺少、肉质鲜美等成为烤鱼界的标配。

　　作为富煌三珍深加工产品的主要原料，斑点叉尾鮰在2015年时面临原种退化，攻克原种迭代成为公司发展的一道难题。“原种退化会降低鱼的抵抗力”，倪宝友说，公司为此联合江苏淡水水产研究所及全国水产技术推广总站联合攻关研发培育出“江丰1号”，其生长速度快、抗病力强，摆脱对原种依赖。“江丰1号”成为农业农村部重点推广养殖的水产新品种，带动全国产业链上下游年产值近500亿元。

　　可以说，近些年我国在水产种业方面不断突破，养殖种类丰富。数据显示，我国水产养殖种类达300种以上，水产养殖的种源自给率相当高，年提供苗种6万亿尾(粒)以上，基本实现“中国鱼主要用中国种”。2021年，我国养殖水产品人均年占有量47.36千克，是世界平均水平的两倍。

　　新技术为“鲜”护航

　　水产品在膳食结构中的比重不断增加，促使我国水产品需求持续增长。企业融入国内国际“双循环”格局，改变长期以来以出口为主的局面，转而深挖国内市场，发力水产深加工、延伸产业链，实现升级迭代。

　　包括国联水产、大湖股份、佳沃食品、富煌三珍等水产养殖企业延伸水产品加工产业链，实现由上游养殖到渠道营销升级转型。比如富煌三珍转向国内市场，专注斑点叉尾鮰细分品类推出烤鱼预制菜。“水产品预制菜的核心是保持原汁原味”，倪宝友介绍，目前传统的快速锁鲜技术多采用风冷，2019年公司与中科院合肥物质研究院合作，引入液浸式冰温保鲜冷冻技术，用零下40℃的微冻液系统进行冰温鲜冻，使解冻后鱼的口感与新鲜鱼几无差别，推动调味鱼行业提质升级。

　　水产深加工背后离不开冷链物流支撑。数据显示，2021年我国冷链市场规模近4000亿元，较2017年增长64%，2021年中国冷藏车保有量34万辆，较2017年增长195%。味知香、立高食品等预制菜企业还通过自建冷链物流体系保障配送。

　　品质生活下，越来越多的企业还通过技术实现从“塘头”到“餐桌”的全链条质量安全可追溯机制。未来，水产企业将继续从育种突破到技术创新为“鲜”护航，以更优质的蛋白水产品丰富人们的餐桌。

　　新京报记者秦胜南

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.